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python

python语法


1、python对大小写敏感

定义变量始终使用小写,true或false这种特殊关键字开头大写


2、引号使用

①三引号可定义分开的字符串

 course = '''
hi john
here is your first email

thank you
'''

print(course)

②单引号套双引号

 course = 'python for "beginners"'
print(course)

输出python for “beginners”

③双引号套单引号

course = "python's beginners"
print(course)

输出python’s beginners


3、索引

①负指数索引

course = "python for beginners"
print(course[-1])

输出s

    course = "python for beginners"
    print(course[0:3])

输出pyt (排除字符和索引3)

course = “python for beginners”
print(course[:])
输出python for beginners(默认索引全部)

name='jennifer'
print(name[1:-1])

输出ennife


4、花括号定义占位符 打了f以后,引号里的内容会被直接输出,加上花括号可以保证像first这种定义量可以输出你给的赋值

msg=f'{first} [{last}] is a coder
print(msg)

输出john [smith] is a coder

format格式化函数

my_list = ['菜鸟教程', 'www.runoob.com']
print("网站名:{0[0]}, 地址 {0[1]}".format(my_list))  # "0" 是必须的

输出 网站名:菜鸟教程, 地址 www.runoob.com


5、替换字符

 course='python for beginners'
print(course.replace('beginners','absolute beginners'))

输出python for absolute beginners


6、find方法 返回字符或字符序列(find大小写敏感)

course='python for beginners'
print(course.find('beginners'))

输出11


7、in 产生布尔值的

course='python for beginners'
print('python' in course)

输出true


8、运算

①除法返回整数

print(10 // 3)

输出3

②除法

print(10 / 3)

输出3.33333

③除法返回余数

print(10 % 3)

输出1(返回余数)

④立方

print(10 **3)

输出1000

⑤增广赋值运算

x=10
x-=3
print(x)

9、一些内置函数

①round

    x=2.4
    print(round(x))

输出2(四舍五入)

②abs绝对值

print(abs(-2.9))

输出2.9


10、引入模块

import math
print(math.ceil(2.9))

输出3(ceil向上取整,floor向下取整)


11、if语句

is_hot=False
is_cold=False
if is_hot:
    print("it's a hot day")
    print('drink plenty of water')
elif is_cold:
    print("it's a cold day")
    print("wear warm clothes")
else:
    print("it's a lovely day")
print("enjoy your day")   //按shift加tab缩进

输出it’s a lovely day

enjoy your day


12、逻辑运算符:and、or、not

has_high_income=True
has_criminal_record=False

if has_high_income and not has_criminal_record:
    print("eligible for loan")

13、列表

① 添加

matrix.append([10,11,12])

② 插入

 number.insert(0,6)  //0是插入位置,6是插入数字

③ 移除

 number=[5,3,7,2,9]
number.remove(5)

④清除所有

number.clear()

⑤删除列表最后一项

number.pop()

⑥ 索引位置

 number=[5,3,7,2,9]
print(number.index(7))

⑦检查字符串中是否存在该字符

 number=[5,3,7,2,9]
print(50 in number)

输出False

⑧列表排序

 number=[5,3,7,2,9]
number.sort()   //reverse逆序
print(number)

⑨复制

 number=[5,3,7,2,9]
number2=number.copy()
number.append(10)
print(number2)

输出[5, 3, 7, 2, 9]

⑩删除列表中重复数字

 numbers=[2,9,2,4,6,5,8,7,9]
uniques=[]
for number in numbers:
    if number not in uniques:
        uniques.append(number)
print(uniques)

14、元组 不可改变

 numbers=(2,5,8)
print(numbers[0])

15、解压缩(可适用于元组和列表)

  x,y,z=coordinate 可以代替x=coordinate[0]
                            y=coordinate[1]
                            z=coordinate[2]

16、字典

customer={
"name":"tzq",
"age":23,
"is_verified":True
}
print(customer["name"])

如果用get方法print(customer.get(“birthdate”))

输出none

print(customer.get(“birthdate”,”Jan 1 1980”))设置默认值

②将输入数字转变成英文输出

 phone=input("phone:")
digital_mapping={
"1":"One",
"2":"Two",
"3":"Three",
"4":"Four",
"5":"Five",
"6":"Six",
"7":"Seven",
"8":"Eight",
"9":"Nine",
"0":"Zero"
}
output=""
for ch in phone:
    output+=digital_mapping.get(ch)+" "
print(output)

17、创建函数

关键字参数

 def cal_cost(total=50,shipping=10,discount=0.1):

函数使用

 def emoji_converter(message):
    words=message.split(" ")
    emojis={
    ":)":"😊",
    ":(":"😢"
    }
    output=""
    for word in words:
        output+=emojis.get(word,word)+" "
    return output

message=input(">")
result=emoji_converter(message)
print(result)

18、错误处理

 try:
    age=int(input('age:'))
    print(age)

except ValueError:
    print('invalid value')
 
 

19、类

 class Point:
def move(self):
    print("move")
def draw(self):
    print('draw')

point1=Point()
point1.draw()

20、构造函数

class Person:
def __init__(self,name):
    self.name=name
def talk(self):
    print(f'hi, i am {self.name}')

john=Person("john smith")
john.talk()

bob=Person("bob smith")
bob.talk()

21、继承(空类里写pass)

 class Mammal:
    def walk(self):
        print("walk")

class Dog(Mammal):
    pass
class Cat(Mammal):
    pass

22、导入模块

import converters
from converters import kg_to_lbs  (导入模块的函数)

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